TAMPA, Fla. (Nov. 6, 2018) – A new report released by the Drug Enforcement Administration finds most overdose deaths are caused by prescription drugs, including opioids. While opioid abuse continues to plague certain states more than others, each state is unique in how it attempts to stem the crisis and its effect on families. These differences have resulted in significant variation across the country between opioid prescription rates and the number of children placed into foster care.
A new USF Health study published in Child Abuse and Neglect finds between 2010-2015, 60 opioids were prescribed for every 100 people in California and New York. While in West Virginia, Kentucky and Louisiana, it was more than 100 prescriptions per 100 people.
Troy Quast, PhD
Lead author, Troy Quast, PhD, associate professor at the University of South Florida College of Public Health, found the county average annual number of children removed from their homes due to parental substance abuse also varied substantially. One out of every 2,000 children were impacted in California and New York, and it was five out of every 2,000 in West Virginia.
Not only do the rates vary, but so do the relationship between the two rates. In 23 states, increases in opioid prescription rates were associated with increases in the child removal rate. For instance, in California, a 10 percent increase in the county average prescription rate was associated with a 28 percent increase in the child removal rate. By contrast, in 15 states, the association was flipped, where increases in the opioid prescription rate were associated with decreases in the child removal rate.
While Dr. Quast’s study does not definitively identify the reasons for such variation, he believes differences in state criteria for removing children from their homes plays a role.
“States also differ in their legal treatment of opioid prescriptions through prescription drug monitoring programs and legislation regarding pill mills,” Quast said. “The differences could also reflect varying stages of the opioid epidemic.”
Quast believes higher opioid prescription rates in some states may be associated lower levels of illicit opioid consumption. Given the especially potentially drastic effects of illicit opioids on families, prescribed opioids may be less likely to lead to a child removal.
Percent change in the rate of child removals due to parental substance abuse associated with a one-standard deviation increase in the opioid prescription rate, 2010-2015.
This recent study follows another published by Quast and colleagues earlier this year in Health Affairs, which analyzed the association between the rate of opioid prescriptions in Florida and the number of children removed from their homes due to parental neglect.
