Dr. Christian Bréchot will help elevate biomedical and health-related areas of research excellence to the international level

The former head of the world-renowned Pasteur Institute in Paris has joined USF Health to help university leaders strengthen biomedical and health-related areas of research excellence – and to elevate interdisciplinary signature programs to the international level.

Christian Bréchot, MD, PhD

Preeminent virologist Christian Bréchot, MD, PhD, joined the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine part time in October as senior associate dean for research in global affairs, associate vice president for international partnerships and innovation, and a professor in the Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine.  Dr. Bréchot is also executive director of the Tampa-based Romark Laboratories Institute for Medical Research. Since 2017, he has served as president of the Global Virus Network, a coalition of the world’s foremost medical virologists.

“Dr. Bréchot has been at the forefront of catalyzing teams of top scientists to work together effectively on global solutions for emerging pathogens, malaria and microbial infections,” said Charles Lockwood, MD, senior vice president for USF Health and dean of the Morsani College of Medicine. “He is the ideal person to work with leadership across USF Health and USF in strategically identifying opportunities to take our infectious diseases, cardiovascular, neuroscience, and maternal-child health translational research to the next level, and to build upon the international networks he helped create at the Pasteur Institute and elsewhere to make that happen.”

Before serving as president of the Pasteur Institute from 2013 to 2017, Dr. Bréchot was vice president of medical and scientific affairs at Institut-Merieux, a company that develops new approaches to fight infectious diseases and cancers.  He also served as the general director of Inserm, the French national agency for biomedical research (analogous to the National Institutes of Health in the U.S.) from 2002 to 2007. As professor of hepatology and cell biology at Necker School of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, he headed the clinical department of liver diseases at Necker-Enfants Maldes Hospital from 1997 to 2001.

Dr. Bréchot has authored more than 400 articles in medical and scientific journals, and in 2005 was ranked by the Institute for Scientific Information as the 4^th most cited author on the topic hepatitis C. He has been recognized as an inventor on 18 patents, and helped to create three biotechnology companies.

With a prestigious career bridging basic science and medicine, Dr. Bréchot has combined research, clinical service and teaching with top administrative posts to enhance scientific understanding and better public health. His scholarly endeavors have included cultivating productive public-private partnerships between academia and industry.

During a recent interview in his office at USF Health, Dr. Bréchot talked about leading the Pasteur Institute, a preeminent global network of 33 institutes in 26 countries; his diverse background; and his new role at USF Health.  The interview has been edited for length.

What has been your area of research focus?

As an MD-PhD, I’ve always been convinced of the need to combine basic research with clinical practice — long before translational medicine became fashionable. My basic science research has combined cell biology and molecular virology, mostly focusing on hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and how these viruses can induce liver cancer. I’ve also been very involved in developing diagnostic tests of HBV and HCV and evaluating new drugs to treat chronic forms of the infection.  More recently, I’ve worked on the mechanisms of liver regeneration and based on longstanding research activity in my laboratory, we discovered a new molecule (HIP/PAP, or hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic associated protein), now being tested in clinical trials as a drug that may be useful for patients with a severe form of acute and chronic hepatitis. We’re contemplating organizing new phase 2 clinical trials in China, because China has so many people with chronic hepatitis B infection.

What were some major accomplishments at the Pasteur Institute under your leadership?

First, both at Inserm and the Pasteur Institute, I was very much focused on attracting and supporting young investigators. We created programs and special funding mechanisms to really give scientists at the early stages of their careers the means to develop interdisciplinary research and then get a grant. Second, at Pasteur, we reinforced research activities, especially in the fields of bioinformatics and integrative biology. We created a Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology (an international multidisciplinary center for processing, analyzing and modeling biological data) that included recruiting 40 high-level engineers and opening a new building.  Third, we merged the activities of different departments focused on the microbiota. For instance, we had a program called Brain and Microbes in which scientists working on infectious agents and those working in the neurosciences looked at how the bacteria of the intestine can modulate brain function, including disorders such as anxiety and depression.

What is the microbiome, and why is it such a hot area of research interest?

The microbiota is made up of populations of bacteria, fungi, certain viruses and other microorganisms present throughout the body.  It’s actually a very old topic:  The first microbiota intervention (to treat diarrhea) was done by a Chinese doctor 3,000 years before Christ (the ancient equivalent of a fecal microbiota transplant). What’s new is our technological progress – with the capacity for genome sequencing and advances in bioinformatics, we now have the possibility to investigate the human microbiota like never before… As a result, we’ve discovered very significant connections between dysbiosis — modifications of how microbe populations are distributed in the gut, the lungs, the skin — and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases like Parkinson’s and perhaps also Alzheimer’s, and some infectious diseases where disease severity correlates with what happens to intestinal bacteria. It’s a fascinating, challenging field with applications for cross-disciplinary research and translational medicine, and where international cooperation can be extremely interesting because the link between, say for example, the microbiota and diabetes may be very different in the U.S. and Africa due to the strong influence of environmental factors such as nutrition, as well as genetic variations… So, the science of microbiota as it affects certain diseases is a very good example of a collaboration which, if organized with centers in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, could create a unique USF program very competitive with other universities.

What attracted you to the University of South Florida?

USF already has a lot of excellent ongoing research activities and in my discussions with senior leadership I found there’s real international ambition here, a desire and commitment to go further. I liked that.

What is your vision for helping advance research at USF Health?

I’m still in the stage where I need to listen and learn more about the research activities to see how I can best contribute. But, initially I want to work with Drs. Lockwood, (Paul) Sanberg, (Stephen) Liggett, (John) Sinnott and other leaders to delineate which strategic research areas need to be reinforced and then contribute to the high-level recruitment of scientists. Second, we’ll increase coordination among different departments working in research areas such as the intestinal microbiota and its impact on cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. Third, I hope to contribute to the international expansion of USF, building upon the networks from my previous activities including work with industry partners.

I absolutely appreciate that I will only be efficient in helping to advance research activities at USF if I integrate into the team. It’s not always easy, but it works.

Dr. Bréchot will build on global networks from his previous activities, including work with industry partners.

You have said talent is key to research excellence. Is there one predominant quality you seek in selecting top talent?

You start by looking for bright minds. But, when you must choose among five scientists all with very bright minds, enthusiasm and the capacity to integrate are critically important. I’m a fan of soccer where you need to have very talented players, but you also very much need players with team spirit. Modern science needs researchers with an interdisciplinary mode of thinking who interact well with those from other disciplines.

Some things you may not know about Dr. Bréchot:

-Each generation of Dr. Bréchot’s family, dating back to King Louis XIV of France, had at least one medical doctor.

– As a student at Pasteur Institute, he helped set up the first diagnostic test to detect hepatitis B virus in blood; he also taught the first course in molecular biology in China in 1981.

-He met his wife Patrizia Paterlini Bréchot, MD, PhD, a professor of medicine at Necker School of Medicine and founder of a biotech company, when she came from Italy for a postdoctoral fellowship at Necker and Pasteur Institute in Paris. His five grown children include two MD-PhDs: a daughter who is a cancer immunologist at Pennsylvania State University, and a son who directs an intensive care unit at Pitié–Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, one of Europe’s largest teaching hospitals. There are also six grandchildren, ranging from ages 1 to 11.

-Dr. Bréchot enjoys jogging, playing tennis and snow skiing. Currently, he’s reading about U.S. history, including biographies of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.

-Photos by Eric Younghans, USF Health Communications and Marketing

USF recently acquired the CAREN virtual reality system, a powerful tool that helps people with disabilities increase their independence and reintegrate into the community

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EujxOY4Pw0

” target=”_blank”>

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EujxOY4Pw0

When you see the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment system (CAREN) in action, the room-sized simulator resembles a giant video game, complete with avatars. Scenes projected on its 180-degree screen range from walking through a forest to driving past cityscapes to riding on a wave-tossed boat.

The three-dimensional virtual reality system engages and entertains – but its purpose is serious.

The system’s immersive environment and interactive gaming elements safely challenge people to learn new strategies for coping with changes in their balance, coordination or mobility caused by disability, traumatic injury or aging.  The advanced technology also gives researchers the scientific tools they need to advance the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders.

Watch time-lapse video of CAREN’s installation:

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=izAhaB-ufkk

“>

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=izAhaB-ufkk

Supported by a $450,000 National Science Foundation (NSF) grant, the University of South Florida recently became the first non-Department of Defense institution in the United States to obtain the CAREN extended model for research and rehabilitation, said William S. Quillen, DPT, PhD, associate dean of the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine and director of the School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences. Additional matching funds from colleges and schools across USF also helped purchase the approximately $1 million simulator

“The CAREN system will be a critical part of the university’s neuromusculoskeletal, traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder research initiatives involving wounded warriors, warfighters and student veterans,” Dr. Quillen said. “The system will greatly facilitate our ongoing interdisciplinary research to analyze human mobility and function and to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities by increasing their independence and community reintegration.”

USF purchased the CAREN system with the support of grant from the National Science Foundation.

Integrated technologies add research and rehabilitation value

“This system integrates a lot of technologies typically used individually — like a split belt treadmill with force-sensing plates, a moveable base and motion capture analysis — to really help us better understand how an individual walks and moves in different terrains and environments,” said Kyle Reed, PhD, assistant professor of mechanical engineering in the College of Engineering.

The CAREN project will bring together more than 20 investigators with expertise in rehabilitation engineering and science from the colleges of Engineering, Medicine’s School Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Arts and Sciences, Behavioral and Community Sciences, Nursing, and Virtual and Performing Arts.  They will collaborate with researchers from James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital and Draper Laboratories.

L to R: Seok Hun Kim, PT, PhD, of the USF School of Physical Therapay & Rehabilitation Sciences, with Kyle Reed, PhD, and Stephanie Carey, PhD, of the College of Engineering, look at the incoming information instantaneously displayed on CAREN’s control panel.

The system bridges the gap between the controlled environment of a laboratory or clinical rehabilitation setting and the uncontrolled community environments experienced in daily life.

“CAREN gives us a lot of opportunities to create variable scenarios that are closest to real-life environments,” said Seok Hun Kim, PT, PhD, assistant professor in the School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences.

Dr. Kim works with patients living with stroke, ataxia and other neurological disorders that significantly increase the risk for falls. “We can gradually increase the level of difficulty of the exercises based on patients’ performance using the CAREN system.  This allows patients to safely push their limits while working to regain balance control,” he said.

Dr. Carey secures the safety harness attached to Gordon Beadle before he begins a simulation exercise to try out his new prosthetic leg.

Gait analysis demo:  Strolling down a virtual path

During a recent demonstration in the USF Center for Assistive, Rehabilitation & Robotics Technology, Gordon “Skip” Beadle stood on CAREN’s platform safely secured in a harness suspended from a rigid frame attached to the platform.

The 71-year-old Vietnam veteran was there to try out a simulation exercise wearing his new prosthetic leg with a microprocessor-controlled knee and ankle, designed to more closely mimic natural gait.  Beadle lost his right leg in 1965 while his Marine infantry was clearing landmines as the unit advanced toward Chu Lai airbase north of South Vietnam.

Stephanie Carey, PhD, assistant research professor of mechanical engineering, leaned toward the simulator’s control panel, preparing to adjust settings and monitor the incoming data as Beadle began walking.  Jason Highsmith, DPT, PhD, CPO, associate professor in the USF School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, watched from the side as the treadmill began.

The simulator’s integrated techologies, including the split-belt treadmill and motion capture system, provide real-time information to analyze gait.

As birds chirped through the surround-sound system, Beadle began his simulated stroll along a winding cobblestone path through the forest at a slow, steady pace.  Some bumps in the terrain were introduced by CAREN’s motion platform, and the treadmill’s speed gradually increased as Beadle picked up his pace when a cottage, the finish line, came into view ahead on the screen.

Dozens of reflective sensors on Beadle’s lower body detected by high-speed, infrared cameras tracked his every step and instantaneously relayed the information to the computer software overseen by Dr. Carey.

The CAREN project investigators eventually hope to work with virtual designers to recreate the terrain of the USF Tampa campus or downtown Tampa.

Engineering and scientific methods improve functional recovery

The immersive system precisely measures and integrates a variety of data valuable to researchers and therapists — including which muscles are working at any given time, length of stride, weight bearing distribution, and how an individual’s joints move and the amount of force placed on them.

The information can be used, for instance, to analyze and correct the asymmetric gait of patients recovering from stroke, to test and improve prosthetics for lower-limb amputees, and to design assistive devices such as orthotic shoes, crutches or canes that help users walk more efficiently without tiring easily.

The system, working in concert with a therapist, could also help desensitize those suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder by having them virtually re-experience situations that provoke anxiety in carefully controlled stages.

Beadle said the system’s safety harness significantly reduced his fear of falling.

The CAREN project investigators eventually hope to work with virtual designers to recreate the terrain of the USF campus or downtown Tampa for study participants or patients, Dr. Reed said.

“We’re just beginning to use the system for studies,” he said. “We expect in the next year or two we will have lots of results that can both help researchers at other universities and make life better for people with strokes, amputations, spinal cord injuries and other physical limitations.”

Pushing limits helps increase confidence, physical abilities

One of CAREN’s advantages is that patients feel protected by the safety harness that will quickly catch them if they begin to fall, so they become more comfortable stepping up their performance when challenged with new or more complex tasks – like negotiating a steeper incline, walking on an increasingly uneven surface, or maintaining balance while the ground beneath tilts to the right and left.

L to R: Jason Highsmith, DPT, PhD, School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences; Kyle Reed, PhD, College of Engineering; Dimitrios Menychtas, biomedical engineering doctoral student; Seok Hun Kim, PT, PhD; Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences; and Stephanie Carey, PhD, College of Engineering.

The safety feature definitely lessened his fear of falling, Beadle said when he finished the forest path exercise. “I can see where this type of therapy for someone just beginning to use a prosthesis would be beneficial in teaching balance and building confidence at the same time.”

CAREN allows therapists working with the system operators to gradually introduce obstacles that may be even more difficult than what patients would encounter in everyday life, Dr. Reed said.  “So, when they do face some small stairs or a street curb in a real-life situation, they can potentially say ‘I can handle that.  I’ve seen much bigger ones in the simulator system.’”

The NSF-funded project for USF’s CAREN virtual reality system is directed by principal investigators Rajiv Dubey, PhD, Sudeep Sakar, PhD, and Dr. Reed, College of Engineering; Dr. Quillen, School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences; and  David Diamond, PhD, College of Arts and Sciences and James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital.

The simulation system mimics real-life environments. So, for instance, if the boat on video screen tilts left the ground beneath the person tilts left.

Video and photos by Eric Younghans, USF Health Communications

]]>