Tossing and turning all night is enough to make you feel tired and cranky the next day – but USF Health researchers say sleep deprivation creates additional problems for your gut, immune, and heart health. Especially when combined with a high-fat diet, lack of sleep may trigger low-grade chronic inflammation that could lead to heart disease.

How’s that for a worry to keep you up at night?

In a new paper published in April in The FASEB Journal, the journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. a team of USF Health researchers address not only the relationship between diet and sleep, but the effect on the body’s defense system, including immune health and the microbiome.

The microbiome is made up of the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in the gut. Scientists are just beginning to realize that the makeup of the microbiome – whether it contains “good” or “bad” bacteria and other organisms – is greatly influenced by diet and has far broader impacts on human health than previously realized.

“The combination of a high-fat diet and sleep deprivation messes up the immune system,’’ said Ganesh Halade, Ph.D., lead author of the paper and an associate professor at the USF Health Heart Institute. “And when we review the status of the microbiome, then we have a better understanding of the root cause of chronic inflammation that can fuel cardiac failure.’’

Dr. Ganesh Halade

Researchers also studied the lipidome, which is the fats, oils, and their molecules inside the body.

It is well-known that a lipid-dense diet can lead to weight gain and low-grade chronic inflammation. But sleep also is key, being fundamental to heart health and fitness of the immune system. Because more and more people with “sleep fragmentation’’ are facing cardiovascular and cardiometabolic issues including obesity and diabetes, their condition has become a serious medical issue, the researchers report.

“Diet, sleep, and exercise – It’s all related, fundamental, and integrative,’’ Dr. Halade said. “If diet and sleep aren’t in balance, then you invite the array of diseases.  Low-grade chronic inflammation is a by product of imbalanced lifestyle. We know a lot about eating habits, but the real question we need to know more about is the interaction of sleep with diet and effect on immune and heart health.’’

This question has become increasingly important, given that the COVID-19 pandemic, working from home and long hours in front of computer screens have changed the way millions of people sleep. This has led to “a metabolic public health problem’’ due to the disruption of circadian cycles.

Heart disease has been the No. 1 cause of death in the United States every year since 1950.

Other USF Health researchers who worked on this study were: Yusuf Mat, MD, biological scientist; Shalini Jain, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair; Hariom Yadav, PhD, associate professor, Internal Medicine and Neurosurgery and director of the USF Center for Microbiome Research; and Vasundhara Kain, PhD, senior researcher.

In their study, the researchers used male mice in randomized groups, with one group consuming a fat-rich diet and experiencing interrupted sleep patterns. Researchers measured the microbiome and lipidome in obese, sleep-deprived mice and analyzed gut germs and lipids. To determine the importance of sleep in the context of obesity, mice ate types of fat present in ultra-processed food products and then stayed awake before experiencing cardiac episodes.

Previous reports from Dr. Halade’s lab confirmed that omega-3 fats (fish oil-derived molecules) helped repair the heart in healthy mice after heart attack injuries, with the immune cells of the spleen, molecules called resolution mediators, making the repairs.  However, production of these molecules failed in the spleens of obese and sleep-deprived mice, and heart repair thus failed.  Furthermore, the researchers noted, omega-6 fats present in processed and packaged food products deplete omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and the heart, which causes low-grade chronic inflammation.

Dr. Halade and the team concluded that obesity and poor sleep patterns can lead to immune suppression and limits the body’s ability to repair a heart under stress or injury because prolonged chronic inflammation interferes with immune host defenses.

Dr. Halade is a cardiovascular research scientist working to better understand how inflammation and immune responsive metabolic dysregulation contributes to ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. At the USF Health Heart Institute, he collaborates with other researchers, including Drs. Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda and Shu-Ping Hui from Hokkaido University in Japan, on therapies and potential cures for people with heart problems.

— Story by Kurt Loft for USF Health News 

The NIA-funded study focuses on those who care for people with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease at home

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Tampa, FL (July 9, 2013) – The University of South Florida College of Nursing is conducting research to improve sleep in those caring for people with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, with the aim of determining if better sleep affects heart health. The $1.9-million, four-year study funded by National Institute on Aging (NIA), “Improving Dementia Caregiver Sleep and the Effect on Heart Disease Biomarkers,” is led by USF College of Nursing Professor and Endowed Chair Meredeth Rowe, RN, PhD, FGSA, FAAN.

Fifteen million Americans provided an estimated 17.5 billion hours of unpaid care to people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in 2012, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. Recent studies indicate that caregivers, unpaid family members or friends who assist people with Alzheimer’s with daily activities, may experience sleep loss from the constant demands of caregiving.

The College of Nursing study tests the relationship between caregiver sleep and heart disease to help understand what negatively affects caregiver health.

USF College of Nursing’s Dr. Meredeth Rowe places one of the monitoring device’s sensors beneath the mattress. The sensor detects movement and sounds an alarm to alert the caregiver if the person with Alzheimer’s disease starts to get out of bed.

“Caregiving and lack of sleep each separately increase the risk of heart disease,” Dr. Rowe said. “We want to discover whether improving sleep in caregivers lowers that risk.”

According to the 2006 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report “Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem,” the cumulative effects of sleep loss and sleep disorders have been associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences including increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke.

“The College of Nursing at the University of South Florida is transforming lives through research to improve the health of patients and their caregivers,” said Dianne Morrison-Beedy, PhD, RN, WHNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP, FAAN, senior associate vice president of USF Health and dean of the College of Nursing. “We’re making life better by transforming the health care of the family members who provide essential home care for persons with dementia. These caregivers fill an often unrecognized role in the healthcare system.”

The primary focus of Dr. Rowe’s research is finding an effective and easy-to-use treatment that can improve sleep in Alzheimer’s caregivers to increase their overall health and reduce the nursing home placement of people with dementia.

“When I was working on ways to provide caregivers better quality of sleep, I looked for technologies that might help and there were none,” Dr. Rowe said. “I realized that unless I invented a system that allowed them to sleep well, I was never going to have an impact on improving their sleep.”

Dr. Rowe explains to a caregiver how the integrated nighttime monitoring system tracks the bed occupancy and movement patterns around the house of a loved one with dementia. The goal is to allow the caregiver to rest easier through the night while maintaining the safety of the person with dementia.

A number of sensors can be placed around the house, including doorways, to analyze movement patterns and provide customized, specific alerts.

CareAlert, a new night monitoring system designed by Dr. Rowe and Caregiver Watch, LLC, provides reliable alerts to caregivers whenever a person with dementia leaves the bed and wanders through the house. The system helps the caregiver rest easier through the night, and improves the overall safety of the person with dementia. The findings of a study testing the effectiveness of CareAlert were published by Dr. Rowe and colleagues in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, in 2009. The researchers reported that use of CareAlert reduced nighttime injuries and unattended home exits by 85 percent over a period of 12 months.

“Dr. Rowe’s research seeks not only to improve caregiver sleep, but also to better understand the relationships between sleep and changes in heart health,” said Cindy L. Munro, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, FAAN, professor and associate dean for research and innovation at the USF College of Nursing.

In the latest research, Dr. Rowe is evaluating whether a combined intervention using  CareAlert and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia improves sleep in individuals who care for people with dementia and Alzheimer’s who wake up at night. The study, conducted in the USF College of Nursing Caregiving Laboratory, will include as many as 100 participants. All will receive the CareAlert device and one of two sleep therapies assigned at random.

Dr. Rowe, a national expert in caregiver-related issues, worked with a company to design an evidence-based monitoring system with technology responsive to caregiver needs.

Rita F. D’Aoust, PhD, ACNP, ANP-BC, CNE, FAANP, FNAP, associate professor and associate dean of academic affairs and interprofessional initiatives at the USF College of Nursing, and Maureen E. Groer, RN, PhD, FAAN, Gordon Keller professor, are study co-investigators. Dr. D’Aoust studies the associations between vigilance and sympathetic nervous system activity, and Dr. Groer leads the design and analysis of biologic markers for heart disease. Others contributing to this research project include Brandi Mallek, research project manager; Taujihana Brown, research assistant; Glenna Brewster, predoctoral fellow; Milora Morley, undergraduate public health honors student.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation’s medical research agency and the leading supporter of biomedical research in the world. NIA, one of the 27 institutes and centers at NIH, helps understand the nature of aging and supports the health and well-being of older adults. Dr. Rowe has received many NIH grants throughout her research career to study people with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia and their caregivers. The USF College of Nursing ranks first in Florida and 24th in the nation in NIH funding, for both public and private schools of nursing.

Dr. Maureen Groer, a co-investigator for the caregiver sleep and heart disease risk study, watches as research lab technician Nicole Williams drops processed blood into a machine that will identify biomarkers of heart disease.

Dr. Rowe is currently enrolling participants for this study. For more information, contact USF College of Nursing Research Project Manager Brandi Mallek, at (813) 974-1827 or bmallek@health.usf.edu.

USF Health-

USF Health’s mission is to envision and implement the future of health. It is the partnership of the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, the College of Nursing, the College of Public Health, the College of Pharmacy, the School of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences; and the USF Physician’s Group. The University of South Florida is a global research university ranked 50^th in the nation by the National Science Foundation for both federal and total research expenditures among all U.S. universities. For more information, visit www.health.usf.edu.

Media contact:
Ashlea Bailey, College of Nursing Communications 
(813)396-9642 or  ahudak@health.usf.edu

All photos with Dr. Rowe taken at the USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute’s Center for Memory C.A.R.E  by Eric Younghans, USF Health Communications
Video by Andy Faza, USF College of Nursing Communications & Marketing